Difference between bump map and displacement map maya

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Displacement map map difference between and maya bump factor investing etfs multi-factor model

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They are different ways used to add detail to a model. It is important to understand their strengths and weaknesses, in order to choose the right type of map that best fits the needs of the scenario you find yourself dealing with. Usually, it is best to utilise displacement or height maps for the big changes to the geometry and then the normal or bump for the fine detail.

A bump map displaces a surface normal up or down relative to the surface normal based on the greyscale value of the texture 0 — 1. It is the simplest option to add dimension to a model and renders faster than a normal map in some cases but yields the least realistic effects. It actually changes the surface normal and bend the light.

Widely used in low poly games. Offers superior shading and faster rendering than bump maps. Allows for transferring detail from a high-resolution mesh to a low-resolution version of the same model. Rather than pulling out a bump or pushing in depression, the colors of the normal map change the xyz of the normal based on the RGB color of the map. When viewed as a 2D texture, object normal maps have a psychedelic rainbow colour.

A height map or parallax map is a greyscale texture that stores height data for an object, with white areas representing the high areas of your texture and black representing the low areas. Each pixel stores the height difference perpendicular to the face that pixel represents. Parallax height mapping is usually used in conjunction with normal maps to give extra definition to surfaces.

It is similar to normal mapping but more complex and more expensive — the normal map uses lighting to make something look taller as an illusion while the height map uses parallaxing. While normal mapping modifies the lighting across the surface of the texture, parallax height mapping goes a step further and actually shifts the areas of the visible surface texture around so some parts seem to have greater height than others, to achieve a surface-level occlusion effect.

This means that apparent bumps will have their near side facing the camera expanded and exaggerated, and their far side facing away from the camera will be reduced and seem to be occluded from view. The heightmap is often a good image to use for the occlusion map but not always! A displacement map is a greyscale texture that physically alter the real geometry at render time, rather than just perturb the normal of the surface like a bump map.

Since the surface is actually modified, the silhouette reflects the additional geometry, unlike the normal and bump maps. It is mostly used on objects that need high level detail as the render time tends to be significantly longer compared to bump and normal maps. Important to weight the expense against the benefits: In order for detail to be created based on a displacement map, usually the mesh must be subdivided or tessellated so real geometry is created.

While a 8-bit displacement map may look good in 2D space, when brought into 3D they can sometimes cause banding or other artifacts as a result of the insufficient range in value — you will almost always experience better results by using a or bit displacement map. Creating additional geometry in real time can be computationally heavy. Because of this, most 3D applications calculate final displacement results at render time.

Displacement maps are more tricky to use than normal maps and bump maps but the results are often worth the time invested. Digital sculpting programs like ZBrush and Mudbox enables technical artists to bring a high level of realism and detail to digital characters. The detail created in these high-density meshes is often brought into Maya in the form of displacement maps or normal maps. What can displacement maps be used for? Creating details on creatures Creating animated displacements to simulate: rolling waves on an ocean surface, fissures opening in the earth, and veins crawling beneath the skin, etc.

What can vector displacement maps be used for? Vector displacement maps use height and direction to offset geometry. This allows for complex detail, like undercut and overhangs, to be reproduced on low-resolution geometry. Why is it difficult for an artist to paint a normal map? Bump maps are not very resource-intensive, making them a popular choice for a wide range of relief work. The catch with bump maps is that they cannot render corner or edge detail, which makes them problematic in certain situations, for example adding brick detail to a corner edge.

Bump maps are by far the easiest type of relief image to manage as they work with practically any surface, no matter the geometry. What does a displacement map do? Displacement maps, although they can be derived from the same type of image as a bump map, are much more powerful. They can truly deform geometry up to and including edge detail, making them ideal for a much wider range of uses such as terrain creation sometimes a displacement is called a height map for large-scale deformation and detail modelling.

The reason that displacement maps are not as commonly used is that they can be computationally intensive and they tend to like high-resolution geometry to work with, which can make them less than ideal for some tasks. Either way, understanding bump and displacement maps will enable any artist to add detail to their models opens in new tab more quickly and intuitively than through other image-based methods.

When to use a bump map A bump map modifies the surface of a geometry At its simplest, bump mapping only modifies the surface of a piece of geometry, whereas displacement mapping is actually altering the geometry. Bump maps are great at adding a lot of low-relief detail on low-polygon objects, so a one-polygon wall could show hundreds of bricks thanks to bump mapping.

It can be an issue when edge detail needs to be shown, as bump mapping does not work with side detail — it only shows the true underlying geometry. When to use a displacement map A displacement map alters the geometry itself Displacement maps are a hugely powerful technique as they can intuitively allow model detail to be added with a simple greyscale image. A perfect example is when they are used as a simple method of creating the height data for a landscape.

As displacement maps also sometimes known as height maps are modifying the underlying geometry, they need higher-resolution meshes to work with than bump maps, which can make them slower to work with. But they can produce stunning results. Combine maps Combine both maps to add a true relief Bump and displacement maps can be used in conjunction with one another. For example, when using displacement maps to add true relief to a landscape, a bump map can be used to add additional noise to the surface.

This takes some of the computational weight away from the displacement map, allowing faster performance for negligible image loss. Understanding the properties of when and where to use bump and displacement maps can radically improve models and scenes.